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HIST 301: The Historians Craft (Dressler, Fall 2024)

Steps when looking for peer reviewed sources

1) Write out your topic

2) Identify key words

3) Identify synonyms

4) write out the search using Boolean

5) After your first search, revise terms

Examples

  • Criminal Law in Early America,  Capital punishment, Labor Houses, British vs. Colonial system, lex talionis
    • ("Early america" OR "colonial america") AND ("criminal law" OR "Capital punishment" OR "labor houses" OR "Work houses" OR "lex talionis")
      • Look at legal records in British History Online and the Virginia Company Records
      • Look at colonial newspapers for trail reports
      • use the catalog to find primary sources by using keywords and limiting to pre 1776 publications
      • use the subject sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" to see if there are compiled books of papers/letters by individuals who worked in labor houses.
  • New England Whaling Native American experience, roles, and identity
    • "New England" AND (whaling OR whalemen) AND ("native american" OR "first nations" OR "indians of North America" OR "native americans")
      • Look at legal records in British History Online and the Virginia Company Records for accounts of whaling
      • look at state and federal govdocs to see if they discuss indigenous whaling rights
      • sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" to find whaling records
        • I bet there are logs at Mystic Seaport -- look at their catalog online
      • look at newspapers to see how indigenous whaling is described
  • Slavery at the Time of the Founding Founding Fathers's Justifications for Slavery
    • identify specific individuals you want to example, then look at their writings
      • their writings are all scanned so you can keyword search through them quickly
      • look at our slavery and antislavery database
      • use secondary lit to identify pro slavery publications from the period
      • look at newspaper discussions
  • Non-English Settler Mindset ,  German Settlers in Pennsylvania around Revolutionary War
    • ((Pennsylvania* AND german*) OR ("german americans" AND Pennsylvania*)) AND (18th OR "revolutionary war")
      • use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" as subjects in worldcat to find reprinted letters and records from this community
      • use chronicling america and the LoC to find German American newspapers from PA
      • Identify leading figure in the community using secondary lit and find their publications
  • Western Rendezvous or Ben Franklin        The fur trade and westward expansion/ the Founding Fathers
    • fur AND ("westward expansion" OR "western expansion" OR "Western rendezvous")
      • look at newspapers for discussion of fur trade
      • look at federal legislation in proquest congressional about fur trade in this period
      • use worldcat and the subjects sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" to find accounts about and by individuals in the fur trade
      • look at historical statistic reports by the dept of state/interiror
    • Poverty and Mental Illness in the American South        The interactions between poverty and mental illness, along with race and slavery.
      • identify specific institutions, then search those as author in worldcat --- you can find their annual reports
      • look at newspaper coverage of the institutions and illnesses
      • use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to find first-hand accounts
      • use secondary reports to identify specific individuals who can be used as case studies
      • look at state records related to the establishment of these institutions (Ex the institution here in Williamsburg is extremely well documented)
  • Women and Religion in Early America        Gender roles, First Great Awakening, women's rights, religious roles
    • (women AND religion AND "Early america") OR (women AND "great awakening")
      • look at descriptions of women in sermons, which can be found in the main catalog.
      • use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to find first hand accounts from women during this period.
      • look at our database of women's letters
      • look at newspaper coverage of religious women during this period
      • look at writings by leading theologians at this period and see how they depict women.

 

Examples (Continued)

  • Slavery and Indeginous Americans        Native American involvement in the American slavery, indeginous and slave interactions, cutlural impact.
    • look at our specialized databases of Native American historical documents
    • use secondary lit to identify tribes that were engaged in the slave trade
    • look at slave trade records, which we may be able to find in Worldcat if we narrow the search to a specific time period or region or tribes.
  • Scottish Influence on Appalachia        Scotland, Immigration, Appalachia, Appalachian culture, political influence of Appalachia
    • Use chronicling american and LoC to identify Scot-American newspapers in this area
    • Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to find first hand accounts
    • look at oral histories from the CCC, if. you are interested in the late 19th century.
    • limit publication date to your period of interest and see what books in google book, hathi, and the catalog say about the scots in Appalachia
  • Religion (and maybe Race) in Early America        Jewish disapora in early America; maybe relationship between Jews and black people (maybe something to do with gender if I change my mind)
    • (jew*) AND ("early america" OR "colonial america")
      • Use chronicling american and LoC to identify Jewish-American newspapers from that period
      • Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to find first hand accounts
      • look at newspaper coverage of the Jewish communities
      • look at our African American historic newspaper database
  • Industrialization in the American North        Socioeconomic effects of Industrialization (primarily in New York and Pennsylvania)
    • industrialization AND (northern OR north OR "new york" OR "pennsylvania") AND history
      • Narrow to a specific city and time period
      • look at newspaper coverage of industrialization
      • in worldcat Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" to find first hand accounts
      • look at state and federal legislation addressing indusrialization
      • use historical statistics in Historical Statistics, Census, and the University of Missouri Libraries, Prices and Wages by Decade database
  • Developments in Convict Labor in America        Convict Labor and Convict Leasing throughout the 18th and 19th Centuries.
    • ("prison labor" OR "convict labor") AND "united states" AND (18th OR 19th OR history)
      • in worldcat Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" to find first hand accounts
      • look at contemporary publications that argue for/against this practice
        • can be found in hathi, google book, worldcat, and the catalog
      • look at newspaper coverage of the practice
      • look at state and federal legislation that enacts theres practices (for your period, it'll be state level)
  • Difficulties of National Unity         Attempts to foster nationalistic sentiment directly following the War of 1812
    • "War of 1812" AND ("national unity" OR nationalism OR nationality)
      • look at political speeches
      • Newspapers
      • discussion in congress (use heinonline and proquest congressional)
      • use our American imprint database to see print matter and popular culture (Ex broadsides)
  • Epidemics (smallpox, yellow fever)        Immigration, Trade, Socioeconomic factors/relations, Slavery, Port Cities (New Orleans, Charleston, Boston, etc.)
    • newspaper coverage
    • speeches in congress (via proquest congressional)
    • old medical records and publciaitons
    • shipping records
      • wil need to narrow focus a bit 
  • Mental health, illness, and the asylum system        Development of the Asylum system, treatments and viewpoints on mental illness, mid-atlantic or sea ports
    • newspaper coverage
    • legislation
    • records from the asylums themselves are an excellent resource. if you identify which you're interested in, we can usually get the annual reports.
    • Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to find first hand accounts
    • medical reports and broadsides (See broadsides and imprint database)

Examples

  • D.C. Home Rule        Structures of government, positions of political parties, opinions on self governance across racial divides among residents
    • newspapers
    • federal reports
    • speeches
    • media coverage
  • Sexual relations between races in Early America        Jefferson and Sally Hemmings, the frequency of relations, the societal connotation of these relations, possible impact of the Revolution
    • primary sources will really depend on how narrow you focus
      • legal records punishing people for their relationships
      • laws at the state and federal level passed to outlaw these relationships
      • newspaper coverage
      • Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to find first hand accounts
  • Sexual Cultures/Politics in Early America        Prostitution/sexual labor, sexual surveillance, nonmarital sex and sexual relationships, sex and the American Revolution/forming an American identity
    • primary sources will really depend on how narrow you focus
      • legal records punishing people for their relationships
      • laws at the state and federal level passed to outlaw these relationships
      • newspaper coverage
      • Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to find first hand accounts
  • Early America-China contact and racial politics        How cross-Atlantic transportations of Chinese goods and culture shaped American view on the "Orientals"
    • newspaper reports
    • federal reports
    • shippingrecords
    • contact me out of class, I have a compiled list from a related project you may find useful.
  • Barbary piracy affecting USA        Perceptions of race, religion, and slavery in U.S., nationalism and nationbuilding, public opinion
    • See foreign relations of the United States series online, it has diplomatic dispatches
    • see proquest congressional for federal actions/discussion
    • see newspaper coverage
    • see popular depictions of barbary pirates using the catalog, googlebook, and hathi limited to your time period
      • "barbary pirates" should be a useful search phrase if limited to a small time period.
    • Use sourcebook* or corr* or "personal narratives" in worldcat to possibly find first hand accounts
  • Africa & Religion        exchange of religion & language from Africa to U.S., the interactions between religion and institution of slavery
    • look at newspaper and contemporary discussions of religion. The writers will probably use a phrase like "slave religion" or something like that
    • will probably need to narrow a bit to language or religion
      • if language, see how contemporaries describe it by limiting publication date in Hathi, googlebook, or the catalog and keyword searching "African language" or "slave language"
    • Again, it will depend on how you narrow the focus.