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Govt 405 - Senior Seminar: Politics of the Crowd

Definition

 

There are basically two types of resources: primary sources and secondary sources. Simply put, “Primary sources are those in which the author or creator was a direct observer of the recorded event. Secondary sources are those in which the author is reporting the obervations of others and may be many times removed from the actual event.” (Starko, Alane J., Looking For Data In All the Right Places. Mansfield Center, CT: Creative Learning Press, 1992, p. 28)

Primary sources include first-hand information from a person who witnessed or participated in an event. For subjects in history, it's FROM the time, not ABOUT the time. A primary source can also be scientific data, statistics, or an official transcript of a government proceeding. Actually, a primary source can be almost anything.

Primary sources are found in a variety of formats, such as: Original documents in archives and libraries; materials reprinted in published sources, such as collections of letters, diaries, autobiographies; microforms; digitized on the web; recordings.

Patrick Rael at Bowdoin College has a good discussion on How to Read a Primary Source (choose section to the left under Reading).

 

Primary vs. Secondary Sources

 

There are basically two types of resources: primary sources and secondary sources. Simply put, “Primary sources are those in which the author or creator was a direct observer of the recorded event. Secondary sources are those in which the author is reporting the obervations of others and may be many times removed from the actual event.” (Starko, Alane J., Looking For Data in All the Right Places. Mansfield Center, CT: Creative Learning Press, 1992, p. 28)



Primary sources include first-hand information from a person who witnessed or participated in an event. They are original materials, created at the time of an event or soon thereafter. Primary sources can can also be scientific data, statistics, or an official transcript of a government proceeding; they can be almost anything.  Primary sources are found in a variety of formats, such as original documents in archives and libraries; materials reprinted in published sources, such as collections of letters, diaries, autobiographies; microforms; digitized on the web; recordings.

For subjects in history, it’s From the time, not About the time.


Secondary sources are those in which the author is reporting the observations of others and may be many times removed from the actual event.

These are sources in which the author is reporting the observations of others and might be many times removed from the actual event or written after the fact, with the advantage of hindsight. Secondary sources describe, interpret, analyze, evaluate, explain, or comment on something. Typical examples of secondary sources are: biographies, dictionaries and encyclopedias, handbooks and manuals, histories about a topic, works of criticism and interpretation, textbooks, monographs, bibliographies, and directories.

You want to use secondary sources for background information and to find simple facts. Reading secondary sources is often the quickest and simplest way to find out what is already known about the subject you are studying.

Patrick Rael at Bowdoin College has a good discussion on How to Read a Primary Source and How to Read a Secondary Source (to choose, select from the left column under Reading).